Cyber Policy Essay - 765 Words

Russian Cyber Policy Efficiency In 2007, the government of Estonia decided to move a landmark, the Bronze Soldier, from the center of the city of Tallinn to a military cemetery. This caused outrage in the ethnic Russian community living in Estonia. It is believed that Russia distributed false news reports about the desecration of Soviet war graves and the Bronze Soldier. These false reports more than likely assisted with inciting the riot that occurred on April 26, 2007 and lasted approximately two nights. McGuinness (2017) of BBC News reports: From 27 April, Estonia was also hit by major cyber-attacks which in some cases lasted weeks. Online services of Estonian banks, media outlets and government bodies were taken down by unprecedented†¦show more content†¦This means that the cyber-attacks and the military operations that occur before, after, or during the cyber-attack must have been authorized and coordinated together by the same entity that sanctioned the military action. In order for the Russian government to benefit from the effects of the cyber operations without incurring repercussions, they must be able to maintain plausible deniability. If a party wants specific actions performed at specific times it may have to provide instructions and potentially the tools to perform those actions. Just as a computer may use a proxy to access a website so that the website will not know the identifying information of the computer requesting the information, the Russians may have used a proxy, a group of non-state cyber actors, to perform the cyber-attacks. While the group of non-state cyber actors may not agree with the government’s national objectives, they may have been incentivized with funds and/or favors. In any event, the cyber actors directly and indirectly assist the Russian government with realizing the national objectives, depending on if the government informed them of the true objectives. It is safe to assume that the relationship between the government and non-state cyber-actors is potentially mutually beneficial or that the government threatens the non-state cyber-actor in order to make them perform some cyber action. For state cyber-actors, the relationship is mutually beneficial because the RussianShow MoreRelated Cyber Security Policies and Defense Contractors Essay1087 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Cyber security policies in the private sector have been a challenging issue for major defense contractors, especially after recent attacks. As a result, the U.S. increased its strict enforcement against these companies by justifying its intervention to improve cyber security. The government would like to impose standards for companies who lack the proper protocol. Due to the revised and new procedures, corporations are responding by rejecting any congressional intervention. This has causedRead MoreEssay On Politics And Policy912 Words   |  4 PagesAUST US STRATEGY AND POLICY By Course Tutor University City, State Date The modern world keeps advancing at a tremendous rate in various dimensions. Most notably, the globe is undergoing transformations regarding technology, and a wide range of developments have been made in this field. In this regard, different companies have embraced the utilization of technology as a means of expansion and smooth operation. Different governments have enforced a variety of technological moves to helpRead MoreBullying Is The Act Of Aggressive And Unwanted Behavior1351 Words   |  6 Pagescruelty not seen in generations past. Cyberbullying has become a popular way to attack other children and the psychological damage to the victims can be devastating. Rumors are easily spread, and often believed when published online. Maybe a cyber bullying essay can help. Home How to Identify Bullying How to Handle Bullying Causes of Bullying Types of Bullying Parent-Child Relationships When a parent becomes aware of online abuse, it is important to not retaliate or become directly involved. ItRead MoreThe Internet And Its Effects On The Environment1538 Words   |  7 Pagespublished â€Å"Canada s cyber security strategy: For a stronger and more prosperous Canada†, a strategic platform to secure the Canadian cyberspace. However, although embracing cyber technology and obtain considerable advantages from it, the Canadian cyber security strategy does not reflect as a comprehensive strategic framework. This essay argues that the strategy lacks of substantial elements to deal with a wide range of cyber threats in today’s modern world. For this reason, this essay aims to analyseRead MoreE Commerce : A Popular Activity On The Internet1388 Words   |  6 Pagesis remain unsafe on the internet due to the cyber-crimes, server attacks and sensitive data interceptions. When individuals attempting E-Commerce activities, their money would be under risk of being stolen if these private information being intercepted. This essay seeks to analyse the existing problems of the internet, including Cyber-crimes, server attacks and sensitive data disclosures, which would have impacts on personal property security. The essay also seeks to suggest that both public forceRead MoreInternational Terrorism And The Secur ity Of The United Kingdom1665 Words   |  7 Pages This essay will explore the argument that international terrorism represents the greatest threat to the security of the United Kingdom. It will begin by defining, within the context of this essay, what is meant by the concepts of national security, terrorism and international terrorism, and how international terrorism threatens our nation through both direct and indirect means. Throughout, it will identify a snapshot of the current gamut of security threats to the United Kingdom and analyse, throughRead MoreCybercrime And Its Effects On Our Nation s Security And Economy1118 Words   |  5 Pagestechnology devices. Cybercrimes affect on our nation’s security and economy. Therefore, there is a statement: â€Å"The US has done plenty to prevent cybercrimes† about cybercrime situations. From my perspective, I do not agree with this opinion. In this essay, I will point out that the US has not done a lot to prevent cybercrimes from stealing money and private information of b usinesses. Every year, cybercrime takes about $445 billion from businesses, it not only hurts businesses but also hurts jobs andRead MoreCyber Security Is A Growing Concern For Governments Around The World1296 Words   |  6 PagesCooperation for Cyber Security Cyber Security is a growing concern for governments around the world. Cyber-attacks pose a direct threat to the security of the nations’ critical infrastructures and Information Technologies (IT) as a low-cost asymmetric warfare element. Most of these nations are aware of the vulnerability of the information technologies and the significance of protecting critical infrastructures. To counteract the threat of potentially disastrous cyber-attacks, nations’ policy makers areRead MoreBusiness Position Statement785 Words   |  4 Pageswhere I am also hired as an adjunct faculty. Since 2014 I have been working as a research fellow at the Center on Sanctions and Illicit Finance of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, an influential think tank in Washington DC where I advise policy makers on a range of issues related to illicit finance, economic sanctions and economy and geopolitics of the Persian Gulf region. I am currently revising the final chapter of my dissertation and expect to graduate by the end of 2017. I am confidentRead MoreBullying, Online Predatory Action And Identity Theft1285 Words   |  6 PagesWith the increase in technology in schools and at home, teacher need to be more aware and have more knowledge on cyber safety. Cyber safety includes many elements including; bullying, online predatory action and identity theft. With the rise of technology online bullying is becoming an ever-growing problem. This is because it not only allows for a student to be bullied at school, but can also be taken home as well. Online bullying can have many negative effects including; depression, anxiety and

`` Fahrenheit 451 And The Sniper `` - 1643 Words

The news often circulates with stories of brilliant firefighters and outstanding soldiers. The media label these people as ‘heroes’. However, the definition of a hero can be very elusive. Many kids believe that heroes have to be athletic and robust, but as they grow up, they realize a hero s actions and thoughts can be more influential than their physical abilities. It can be difficult to determine what elements make up a hero. However, by examining heroes in different stories, the elements of what makes a hero can become clearer. Classic heroes in The Odyssey can be examined, along with the heroes in Fahrenheit 451 and The Sniper. By taking apart the characteristics and traits of these heroes, a deeper understanding of a hero can be found. Rather than by a character s physical abilities, a hero can be defined by their displays of courage, determination, humanity, profound changes in personality and behaviour, and a fatal flaw. Courage is a deciding factor for what defin es a hero. The protagonist in The Sniper displays courage in many ways. When engaged in a firefight against the opposing enemy, the hero continues to flaunt his fighting spirit and never backs down. Furthermore, after he is greatly wounded, he comes up with an ingenious plan in the face of imminent danger to defeat the enemy. This presentation of courage can also be seen in many other heroes, such as Odysseus in The Odyssey. The simple fact that he fought in the war illustrates great courage as he isShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511241 Words   |  5 PagesListen You Moron â€Å"The world is a dangerous place to live; not because of the people who are evil, but because of the people who do not do anything about it† (Albert Einstein). In Ray Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451, the novel explores censorships role as a hindrance on individuality, and the severe toll it takes on society’s self-awareness. Academia has widely argued the reason behind Bradbury’s dystopian themed work of art. Most interpretations of the novel suggest the work resembles anti-censorship

Writer in history Essay Example For Students

Writer in history Essay John Steinbeck is perhaps referred to the worlds most thought provoking writer in history. This infamous book Of mice and men took Steinbeck three years to finally complete, and within good reason although the book is an easy read reading what is in black and white isn’t going to tell you the full story. Reading this book will take imagination and an open mind because every word of it has one meaning or another, every word, every character, every name and even every place has an in depth meaning. Aside from that this Essay will focus on the main relationship between George Milton and lennie (the main characters) small and what kind of bond they have therefore what makes them special. Lennie Small is first introduced on page four as well as George Milton this is Lennie’s opening description. † Behind him walked his opposite, a huge man, shapeless of face, with large pale eyes, with wide, sloping shoulders; and he walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws† now this may not seem much to you but if we look between the lines we can see there is a very detailed description. First of all his name â€Å" Lennie Small is very ironic because his names lennie Small Which he isn’t at all because he is describes as a giant. Secondly he has a shapeless face (this is a baby reference because when babies are born they are shapeless of face) Thirdly it explains three things pale eyes, wide sloping shoulders and dragging his feet. (These all are baby/child references again. Lastly the last comparison Steinbeck makes is about a bear’s paw and his hand. Taking all this things into consideration we can start to picture what Lennie looks and acts like a grown man with perhaps a specific disability or even very child like. George Milton is also introduced on the fourth page this his opening description, (The first man was small and quick, dark of face, with restless eyes and sharp, strong features. Every part of him was defined: small, strong hands, slender arms, and a thin and bony nose every part of him was defined. ) This was also a detailed explanation, firstly starting with his name George Meaning (everyman) as well as getting into his details what really struck me was his restless eyes, this usually happens when a mother is looking after a child so maybe there is some relation between them. It also seems like George is the leader of the two. Continuing on in the story we finally realise that they are both workers looking for a new job since they were fired fro there previous one. We also learn that Lennie has some sort of disability throughout the whole story it is not mentioned what disability he has it is quiet obvious. The relationship between them is very strong in which words cannot describe. It is like a brother sister relationship you have fights you shout at each other but in the end you always make up and love each other, I believe this is exactly what George and Lennie’s bond is like. In conclusion I think that this is one of the best novels to read out there. Remember that you will need to read between the lines and even if you read it go back over it and I can guarantee you will find something new. I also believe that George and Lennie’s has a very strong relationship in which the reader needs to felt it which is probably why Steinbeck himself didn’t mention a word about it.

The Vietnam War Causes

The Vietnam War occurred in 1955 in the regions of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. The war brought around rival countries that supported different ideologies. This is to mean that there was involvement of Soviet Union and the United States with all propagating the spread of their ideologies. This paper hence tries to illuminate the issues surrounding the war with the cause being its agenda.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Vietnam War Causes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The aftermath of the Second World War had the South Vietnam controlled by the French and the North Vietnam controlled by Viet Minh. Viet Minh was considered an ally of the communist and received backing from communist China, Russia, and Eastern Europe. The French intending to reclaim the North in 1946 endorsed Bao Dai as ruler to the dislike of Russia and China who recognized Viet Minh. This led to the bombardment of Haiphong in 1946 that killed 6,000 people. They however did not win their endeavour. In 1953 the French still tried to overturn Viet Minh to no success leading to their withdrawal from Vietnam. This background plays a critical role in the understanding of the involvement of various countries. The Geneva accord stands out as one that epitomized the interest played by various countries. According to Brigham (1), it divided Vietnam into half and the participants of the conference were the United States, France, and people republic of China. The Non-communist according to (Simon 1) in the likes of the United States and its allies such as France were against division of Vietnam into half as this would make it fall into the hands of the communist. The alliance that was formed by the U.S and its allies was then meant to resist the spread of communism. The U.S on this front was adopting the policy of containment which meant to contain the communist in their existing boundaries; this marking the U.S involvem ent in the Vietnam War (Simon 1). The elections of 1956 were not to take place leading to division between the south and the North. The North led by Viet Minh intended to spread its communist ideology to the south that was led by Ngo Dinh Drem. The U.S felt the need to intervene and as early as 1950 had military advisors sent to the then French Indochina. The North who viewed the war as against the colonial masters and later a U.S puppet state used guerrilla tactics that was to be referred as the Viet Cong. The involvement of the United States was even intensified by arrival of more troops in the 1960 to 1962. This was to escalate to even international borders and led to bombing of Cambodia and Laos. The United States hence used its resources in trying to stop the spread of the communism to the South leading to the death of thousands of people. The fall of Saigon in 1973 saw the end of Vietnam War and the defeat of the United States to its endeavour and the victory of the communist in the region.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is outright that the U.S and the Soviet Union were using smaller countries to propagate their ideologies with the escalation of a war in the Vietnam being an example. To this end, Vietnam was a victim of the cold war as the immense support received from both the United States and the soviets were all mitigated to spread their ideologies. This then lays blame of the Vietnam War entirely to the cold war. Brigham, Robert. â€Å"The Vietnam War: An Overview.† Overview – Vassar College. 2011. Web. https://vietnam.vassar.edu/overview/. Simon, Dennis. â€Å"The War in Vietnam, 1954-1964.† Dsimon, Aug 2008. Web. This research paper on The Vietnam War Causes was written and submitted by user Rafael Vega to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Cask Of Amatilado

Knowing death is around the corner in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† In the short story â€Å" The Cask of amontillado†, Montresor gives Fortunato many opportunities to turn a back from the doom that awaits him in his near future. Fortunato refuses to turn back because he is very interested in the Amontillado that is supposed to be stored in the catacombs of the Montresor’s. What led Fortunate into the Catacombs and why didn’t he see his fait draw near? When the story began Montresor said â€Å"The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge†(149). Poe set the path of the story right way. Even though we are never to know exactly what Fortunato had done. To warrant his death that we know is approaching. Montresor also said that their was no reason that Fortunato should expect anything. Montresor knew that when he found Fortunato that he was intoxicated from the carnival that had been going on. When he told Fortunato about the pipe of Amontilado he knew he would come to sample. Fortunato’s ego was just to big about his wine tasting ability. This is how Montresor new he would fallow him into the catacombs. When the two men entered into the catacombs Montresor tried to turn Fortunato around by giving him excuses of bad health. Montresor said â€Å"we will go back; your health is precious. You are rich, respected, admired, beloved; you are happy, as once I was. You are a man to be missed†(150). This alone is showing Irony that even if a man where to go into such a moist place and sample some wine he would come back. However, Montresor is actually giving him a chance to save his own life. Fortunato is so closed minded to the fact that a wine is ahead he never saw the truth. When Fortunato questioned Montresors ability as a mason and Montresor pulls a trowel from his close this should have brought some attention to Fortunato. This was also dismissed from Fortunatos m... Free Essays on Cask Of Amatilado Free Essays on Cask Of Amatilado Knowing death is around the corner in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† In the short story â€Å" The Cask of amontillado†, Montresor gives Fortunato many opportunities to turn a back from the doom that awaits him in his near future. Fortunato refuses to turn back because he is very interested in the Amontillado that is supposed to be stored in the catacombs of the Montresor’s. What led Fortunate into the Catacombs and why didn’t he see his fait draw near? When the story began Montresor said â€Å"The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge†(149). Poe set the path of the story right way. Even though we are never to know exactly what Fortunato had done. To warrant his death that we know is approaching. Montresor also said that their was no reason that Fortunato should expect anything. Montresor knew that when he found Fortunato that he was intoxicated from the carnival that had been going on. When he told Fortunato about the pipe of Amontilado he knew he would come to sample. Fortunato’s ego was just to big about his wine tasting ability. This is how Montresor new he would fallow him into the catacombs. When the two men entered into the catacombs Montresor tried to turn Fortunato around by giving him excuses of bad health. Montresor said â€Å"we will go back; your health is precious. You are rich, respected, admired, beloved; you are happy, as once I was. You are a man to be missed†(150). This alone is showing Irony that even if a man where to go into such a moist place and sample some wine he would come back. However, Montresor is actually giving him a chance to save his own life. Fortunato is so closed minded to the fact that a wine is ahead he never saw the truth. When Fortunato questioned Montresors ability as a mason and Montresor pulls a trowel from his close this should have brought some attention to Fortunato. This was also dismissed from Fortunatos m...

Seven Writing Tips from Stephen King

Seven Writing Tips from Stephen King Seven Writing Tips from Stephen King Seven Writing Tips from Stephen King By Daniel Scocco You probably know Stephen King from his novels and fiction books. While King might not be as renowned as some other contemporary writers, he does know how to sell books. The Positivity Blog recently published an article with Seven writing tips coming from Stephen Kings On Writing. Here is a quotation from point four: King has an honest voice in his fiction and in his memoir. He tells it like it is and makes us relate to him and his characters. Since King ´s fiction often is of an odd kind with strange plots that seldom happen to normal people I think one of his strengths as a writer is being able to write relatable content anyway. One of the keys to doing that is to have an honest voice and honest characters with both bad and good sides to them. People we can relate to with all of their faults, passions, fears, weaknesses and good moments. King ´s characters seem human. That creates a strong connection to the reader who starts caring about the characters. Another key to being honest and relatable is keeping a conversational style. Keeping it simple and using language that isn’t unnecessarily complicated. Using the words that first come to mind. If you are wondering, the seven writing tips are: Get to the point Write a draft. Then let it rest Cut down your text Be relatable and honest Don ´t care too much what others may think Read a lot Write a lot Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About NumbersTime Words: Era, Epoch, and EonDozen: Singular or Plural?

Executive Level Report - Financial Analysis of AMD Research Paper

Executive Level Report - Financial Analysis of AMD - Research Paper Example This report is structured in such a manner that first section of this report describes brief description of the company which includes its history, comparison of the company with its industry and the ratio analysis with some other financial indicators. Section two mainly describes the stock performance of the company which emphasizes upon the fluctuations in the share prices along with the earning and dividends analysis of AMD. Recommendation is the last section which briefly highlights as whether HTC should go for making long-term contracts with AMD or not in the light of financial analysis conducted above. Description of Company Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) is a listed entity in New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: AMD). The company started off its operations in 1969. The company mainly deals in semiconductor industry such that it manufactures microprocessors which are used in computers, mobile phones, tablets, gaming consoles, networks etc. Financial Ratio Analysis The best way to asses s the financial performance of any company is to make a financial analysis of the company through ratio analysis as it covers most of the parts of the financial statements in a very comprehensive and meaningful form. Under the following paragraphs, the ratio analysis of AMD is conducted in which the financial performance of AMD is analyzed and compared with that of the industry averages and its own previous years’ performance in respect of liquidity, profitability and efficiency of the company. Liquidity Analysis The current ratio describes as in order to pay a current liability of $1, how much current assets the company has. Overall, the current ratio of the company has increased from 1.07 to 2.15 i.e. it has become double in three years. The company still way behind from the industry average which has been around 3.4 in the last three years. If the stock is ignored from the current assets of the company, then the quick ratio of the company has also become quite strong incre ased from 0.64 to 1.65 such that it is heading toward the industry ratio of 1.84 quite smoothly. Leverage Analysis As far as the financial leverage of AMD is concerned, it can be observed that the financial leverage of the company has dropped from 14.01 to 4.9 in the 2009 and 2010. But the financial leverage of the industry is still quite high and moves around 15. The debt ratio of the company has decreased from 6. 56 to 2.16 which is a very good as the company has become less risky but still the company is quire risky as compared to the industry average which is still below 0.5 cumulatively in the three years. Efficiency Analysis Efficiency ratios mainly involve the movements of particular current assets and liabilities which include receivables, inventory and payables. The average collection period of the company has increased from 30 days to around 48 days in the last three years. The industry average revolves around 49 days. This suggests that the company’s performance ha s remained consistent with that of the industry. Inventory turnover of the company has also increased such that it has increased from 4.72 to 5.89, which is still lower than the industry averages of 7 to 8 turnovers per year in last three years. Profitability Analysis Profitability is the core area in which every stakeholder to the company is directly involved. Mainly three profitability ratios have been analyzed which are return on sales (net profit margin), return on assets and

Business Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Business - Coursework Example Gulf restaurant incorporates services of highly qualified and proficient staff from the Middle East to facilitate the preparation of products and services. The management team consists of my partner and me as joint directors of the business. He will head the finance and human resource department while I manage the marketing, sales and operational activities. Since we are the sole owners, we provide the entire capital for investing in the business. We both bring in our exceptional expertise, in the various fields of academic qualification for the success of the business. The mission statement of Gulf restaurant is a fair profit margin and a rewarding place for employees and customers. The objective is to become leading fast food franchise, serving high quality food products to the esteemed customers. Within the forecast, the business expects to begin slowly, but catch up as it matures. The expected sales will range, with expectations of between $300 to $1000 at the start, and $800 to $3000 when the business gains grounds in the market. The profit margins are marginal as they represent the mission of the business venture. To tackle the desires of the market, we feature in a calculated business strategy for facilitating services to the customers, which will help the business achieve its objectives. Gulf restaurant is an idea conceived from my visit to the Arabic gulf, particularly when I visited The United Arabs Emirates in the past two years. In the city of Dubai, there are several western and European restaurants, offering ready restaurant services including cuisines, desserts and main dishes among other recipes on their menu. To my dismay on arriving to this place, the tourist, business people alongside all other people of different colours, flocked various restaurants all requesting for the local foods of the Arabic origin. This caught my attention, creating an interest to establish the secret to the success of western restaurants in the Arabic

Role of modern technology Essay Example for Free

Role of modern technology Essay Modern technology plays an important role in our daily lives, it is the means of communication and entertainment. Computers, televisions and smartphones has influenced our lives in different ways, nowadays everyone carries a smartphone with access to the Internet. Imagine going a whole day without your cell phone. Would you be able to function right? The advancement of many new sciences has made our lives easier and more convenient. As our technology improves, so does our quality of life. For instance new health machines have significantly increased the average life span for humans as well as household pets. There are apps and machines that people can use at home: small devices that you can plug into your computer and it will give you an overview of your body; heart rate, blood pressure, Now people can just stay at home and not visit the doctor. Today, technology influences our every move. We have Facebook, twitter, E-mail, whatsapp, line and many other social apps that enable us to stay connected with our distanced friends and families in affordable costs. It has cut down costs of travelling, online shopping is now high on rage there is huge variety of products; it saves time, and products tend to be less expensive online. Moreover this is good for the people having no time to shop for themselves. Also now people use computers for the advancement of their knowledge, books are no longer the main way to improve the understanding of a specific matter. Even though it is said that modern machines causes a lot of pollution that is abusing the environment, mechanics have invented machines that has benefited the environment in various ways, for instance the technologies like oil skimmers help make environment cleanup more effectively, also the hybrid technology, it is fuel efficient and creates fewer carbon dioxide emissions than many petrol powered cars. The hybrid technology is renowned for reliability and durability, which can result in low maintenance costs. In conclusion I think rapid advancement of technology has made a great impact on peoples life-styles, the way people communicate now has significantly  changed, the modern health machines have saved many lives and the environmental issues have been considered and so now machines are being invented which helps reduce the co2 emissions. Looking at the positive side, overall it has made society even better and there is no limit to the development of the technology.

A Comparison of Crying of Lot 49 and White Noise Essay -- comparison c

A Comparison of Crying of Lot 49 and White Noise    Pynchon's novel The Crying of Lot 49 has much in common with Don DeLillo's book White Noise. Both novels uncannily share certain types of characters, parts of plot structure and themes. The similarities of these two works clearly indicates a cultural conception shared by two influential and respected contemporary authors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Character similarities in the two novels are found in both the main characters and in some that are tangential to the plots. The two protagonists of the works, Oedipa Maas of Lot 49 and Jack Gladney of White Noise, are characters struggling to make sense of their worlds, and yet, both are afraid to face pure, filtered truth. Oedipa is inadvertently sent on a quest, which she embraces as a possible mechanism of bringing new meaning into world of tupperware parties. On her journey Oedipa is innundated with new and baffling information which she is either a series of clues to a counter culture or Pierce Inverarity's attempt to extend himself beyond his death. This dichotomy sets up the theme of binary opposites in novel. Oedipa's journey does not end in a final choice of one realm or the other, confirming one of the novel's other assertions, that excluded middles are "bad shit" ( J. Kerry Grant eloquently discusses Oedipa's journey in terms o f binary opposites and a search for meaning in the introduction to his A Companion to "The Crying of Lot 49" (pp. xv-xvi)).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jack Gladney also involves himself and his family in a series of journeys, which are searches for safety and understanding, yet share Oedipa's focus on finding a new reason for existence. Jack and his wife Babbette are afraid of dying. Their worries, conversations,... ...s comfort in bulk, Babette runs the stairs of a football stadium, and both become involved with the intensely neurotic Dylar conspiracy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The concept of enframing, the reducing of something to a representation which man produces and consumes, is prevalent in both these novels as well. In White Noise the most obvious examples are "The Most Photographed Barn in America" (pp.12-13) and Nature T.V., and in Lot 49 it can be seen in the man made lake, Lake Inverarity. Enframing is an example of both the possibility of a meta-conspiracy, and of mankind's attempt to shield himself from reality. The mass produced and readily consumable objects and ideas that appear in both novels are presented as being the possible result of a conspiracy to homogenize and control people, or an attempt by people to distance themselves from the real world and truth.   

Issues with Diagnosis of Schizophrenia

Discuss the issues with classification and diagnosis In order to diagnose the symptoms of mental health disorders , practitioners use classification systems like the DSM which classifies the symptoms of schizophrenia. The DSM has been criticised for issues including cultural problems and the overlap of disorders such as schizophrenia with depression. The DSM is used to diagnose patients with a disorder and indicates what treatment they will require. Other problems involved with the classification includes inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability.Ronsenhan conducted a study which demonstrated the issue of reliability. Participants with no mental health administrated themselves into a practice by saying they could hear noises in their head saying ‘thud’. Once the participants were admitted they behaved normally however they were still interpreted as schizophrenic. This raises issues on the reliability of the classification as it suggests anyone can be admitted, and once labelled with a diagnosis every behaviour they may show is blamed on the disorder.The publication of the DSM-III in 1980 was designed as offering a much more reliable classification system in order to diagnose disorders. Carson claimed it would fix all problems of reliability for once and for all allowing agreement between psychiatrists to who and who did not have schizophrenia. Despite these claims there is still little to no evidence proving its reliability and a study conducted by whaley found the inter-rater reliability was as low 0. 11. Whaleys research is into inter-rater reliability is supported by the findings of majtabi and Nicholson.In this research 50 senior psychiatrists were asked to distinguish between ‘bizzare’ and ‘non bizzare’ behaviour, they produced inter-rater reliability as low as 40 percent proving the central diagnosis system lacks sufficient reliability for it to be a reliable method or differentiate schizophrenic sufferers and non-schizophrenics. Overall the low reliability is diagnosing and its individual systems show that the diagnosis of schizophrenia is affected by the interpretation of the psychiatrist.As the reliability is low in then leads to the questioning of the validity of diagnosis. With scientists not agreeing on patients who have schizophrenia the question of what schizhrenia actually is becomes meaningless. People diagnosed rarely share the same symptoms and outcomes. The prognosis involves 20 percent recovery to the previous level of functioning, 10 percent achieve significant improvement and 20 percent demonstrate recovery with relapses.As there is no common outcomes we can state it has low predictive validity. Bentall claims that schizophrenia is no longer a scientific category as it has too many issues involved in the classification and prognosis. As sufferers rarely demonstrate similar symptoms or outcomes assumptions have been made that it is not just one disorder but rather many disorders that have all been classed as one under the title of schizophrenia. Buckley found that schizophrenia is often comorbid with substance abuse, anxiety and depression.With concordance rates as high as 50 percent between schizophrenia and depression and 47 percent between schizophrenia and substance abuse. This makes diagnosis and prescribing treatment even harder as the categories are too narrow to be used as a valid indicator at what treatment should be carried out. Kessler proves there is a link between suicidal rates and those suffering depression comorbid with schizophrenia, with statistics only one percent attempt it with schizophrenia with 40 percent attempting it when suffering schizophrenia and depression.This supports Buckleys finding as it proves schizophrenia and depression sufferers need an entirely different treatment. There is no common universal prescription for schizophrenic patients. The frail reliability becomes even more evident when looking at the contrast of diagnosis in different cultures. Copeland found that when he gave a description of a patient to 134 us psychiatrists and 194 uk psychiatrists. While 69 percent of the us psychiatrists diagnosed the patient as schizophrenic only 2 percent of the uk did the same diagnosis.Therefor suggesting schizophrenia is a disorder that is extremely subjective to diagnosis and varies greatly from culture to culture. In conclusion it is evident there is great issues surrounding both the classification and diagnosis of schizophrenia. Findings from Buckley and Kessler suggest that schizophrenia is in fact just a term to describe multiple disorders including depression and anxiety. It is therefore difficult to accurately treat each individual patient, making the diagnosis invalid.

Performance Management Plan Essay

Compensation and benefits concerns are very important to employees and employers. A lot of the top performing employees are drawn by successful organizations, as well as the organization providing a detail compensation and benefit plan. Now it is time to focus on the performance management structure that will help you succeed in your business. In this document I will focus on different aspects that will help you launch a well-done performance plan. This plan will also help you increase the performance of your associates and prevent a high turn over. Performance management is part o Lean Manufacturing, and even though your company does not belong to manufacturing, we can implement it and get good results. Performance Management is about letting you employees know the health of the company and taking the appropriate actions to prevent a decrease in performance, efficiency, high costs, etc. The first objective in implementing Performance Management is that there must be a commitment between the associates and the organization to improve the performance. Communication plays an important role here, the objectives must be clear in order to have a good communication between departments and this will arises alignment. As part of having a good communication, employees must have clear their responsibilities, goals ad how they are performing. You must also be prepared to correspond to the good performance of your associates; you must also create a plan for professional growth for them. Associates tend to be motivated and work as a team in continuous improvement projects and finding ways to improve the quality of the organization. The second objective would be setting up system a method to measure the  performance of your employees. We already talked about how to measure the health of your company and we talked about Key Performance Indicators as a method to measure the objectives of your different departments. Now it is time to go a little bit deep and set up a method for measuring the performance of your employees. During a performance appraisal you must abroad skills, ethics, how he/she is performing according to the tasks that are cited in the job description. There is not a specific method for measuring the skills of an associate, what is really important is to monitor your employees on a consistent basis. An employee appreciates to know where he/she stands and know what he is doing right or the things that need to be improved. 360-degree feedback is a method that I would like to recommend. The reason is that in this method the employee not only receives feedback from the supervisor; peers, subordinates or even customers if applicable provide feedback. Obviously this method involves more and provides a better picture. I can provide more specific information or if you want to use the traditional way is correct. Third, so far we have covered the base. Now it would be time to execute what has been planned. In this step I would like to cover how to convince your people that Performance Management is important. Your supervisors must understand that if something is not measured it cannot be improved, and that associates are important for the success of the company. Performance Management is a cycle where data is collected, analyzed, it is seen if there is room for improvement and then action is taken to make the corrections needed. I recommend the usage of board to communicate the performance of your employees and at some point build an internal competition in order to reach better results. These board also helpful for monitoring and you can even add a log of corrective actions with responsible and due dates. Here is an example of the information that I used to post in another company. Every operator used to receive weekly feed back about their performance and at the end of the month the results were posted and they knew the bonus percent they has earned. As far as daily information transmitted to the  associates, s software was bought and we configured every machine with the appropriate standards and the associates were able to see the weekly schedule, plan fulfillment, performance, waste, etc. This company in specific belongs to another industry but the purpose is the same. Also, keep in mind that at the end customer satisfaction is almost the most important thing. Finally, I would like to make some comments regarding how to provide feedback to the employees, As mentioned before, feedback is important to help employees perform at their best. You will notice that Performance management is being effective when they ask how they can improve and what are the things that are doing right. This practice will lead you to create a training plan or training matrix. The information provided must be specific and if possible with examples. Also, let them speak and listen to what they tell. Keep in mind that at the end, they are the one that are in contact with the process. In conclusion, motivation is very essential for every person in your business and every body must keep in mind that what they do is important for your clients. Performance Management is about measuring and knows what to do with the collected data. With this information you will be able to provide feedback and achieve goals. References Lean Six Sigma Resources. Retrieved January 29,2015 From http://www.beyondlean.com/

Tips for Graduate School Purpose Statements

Tips for Graduate School Purpose Statements Now that we have reached the end of my admissions essay website, I would like to take this opportunity to offer some final tips to those of you about to embark upon the purpose statement writing process. The following information I am about to advise has helped me to write several quality graduate school purpose statements as well as many other college papers. With that in mind, I hope that they will do the same for you. Some of the most important things to remember when writing any composition are quite often the easiest to forget. Keeping your self hydrated and well rested, for example, are two very important writing rules of thumb that many people disregard as unnecessary. If you are gearing up to write your essay, do yourself a favor and make sure to get lots of rest and to drink lots of water before getting started. Making sure that you are both mentally and physically prepared for the work is an important factor when writing a successful composition. Another thing to remember when writing your graduate school purpose statement is not to be too hard on yourself. The process of writing your admissions essay is a lengthy one; you are going to have good days and you are going to have bad days. That is why it is important to be good to yourself. If you are having a bad day and feel as though everything you write is wrong, take a break for a while. Or do something creative with your time. Writing your graduate school purpose statement isnt supposed to be fun, but it isnt supposed to be excruciating either! If you would like help in writing your purpose statement or if you would like some general information on graduate school purpose statements, please dont hesitate to access the link provided. You can also feel free to contact me directly as I would love to assist you.

5 Ways Online Job Searching Can Waste Your Time

5 Ways Online Job Searching Can Waste Your Time The Internet has become a valuable tool for networking and hiring, but it has also paved the way for scams and traps and other time wasters. Here are five things to keep an eye out for in your online job search, to make sure you don’t derail yourself. After all, only about 1 in 5 online applicants end up getting an interview. Here’s what to avoid.Out-of-Date PostingsIf you keep running into a particular posting and it seems like it’s been out for a while, pay extra attention. It could be that they have rolling recruitment at that particular company and are hungry for talent at any time, but it could also be that this is an old posting someone forgot to take down- or worse, a recycled one.LinkedIn GluttonyYes, everyone who’s anyone is on LinkedIn. And yes, you’re probably six degrees or fewer from your biggest fish. But don’t just start connecting to people willy-nilly. And certainly don’t start spamming people you have never met- in pe rson or otherwise, or have no reasonable claim to know. Try making genuine connections with personal messages first, with people within your circle, or just beyond, and explain what you’re looking for. In most cases, you’ll get passed along to where you need to be without looking like you’re connecting for the sake of statistics, rather than genuine relationships.ScamsWe’ve all seen them. And we’ve all (probably, at one point or another) been desperate enough to fall for one. Even the best job search sites can sometimes fail to weed out a phony job posting. Keep your wits about you. If a job seems too good to be true (exorbitant pay, little to no experience needed), it probably is.Keyword CrazinessFormatting your resume with a ton of keywords to please the robots sifting through online applications will probably backfire. The technology is quite advanced and trained to look for contextualization. Stop treating your resume with SEO and address it, a nd your cover letter, as if a real person will be reading it. That might be the best way to ensure one actually will.Firing BlindIt may feel productive to blitz applications by the dozen, but chances are you’re not getting your materials in front of the right people. Do a bit of homework and find out who the hiring manager or supervisor is for your position, read up about them to the extent you can, then try and find a way to get your resume in front of that person- rather than their application bot.Taking time to avoid these pitfalls can really make a difference, not to mention minimize your job search time. Remember, work smart- not hard.5 Pitfalls Of Your Online Job Search

MIDTERM PART 1 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MIDTERM PART 1 - Term Paper Example Questions that are of particular interest to the scientist in this group are as follows: 1what is race? 2. What is its purpose on your planet? 3. We find that our meritocracy has served us well; allowing as doing amazing things, would a meritocracy work for you? Pleas answer the extraterrestrials questions. Page response maximum=3 Race is analyzed as the social construction that involves the racial classification with a common meaning. Racial formation includes both the racial groups and the constant racial thought. With the human interaction with the natural differentiation, the emphasis on the power of race in our current society greatly traverses with the ancestry and appearance of the individuals of a certain society. Hair, complexion facial features are major characteristics that influence the domination of races in lives (Williams, 1996). For a number of learners, that questions the different concepts of racial differences and ethnicity, cultural and heritage as well as nationality has been invested in the racial-differences. In the racialized realities that involves ethnic rituals that shows the historic interracial studies that helps in interacting with people coming from different backgrounds with the highly racialized boundaries ( Newport, 2011). The implications that multicultural classes vary from the ethnic studies classes that explain an historic separation of different races that is normal. The racial subject that is brought about by the common norms among people is manifested in the racial and economic prospects of different communities. Cultural differences is insurmountable that creates the existence of the â€Å"bona fide† mono racial groupings (Williams, 1996). Currently, all the learners were not challenged to consider on how race races are constructed. Therefore, making the claim that the race is faulty concept is significant its sociological application that do not mention in the interracial

Leadership and Management (Nursing) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership and Management (Nursing) - Essay Example as been consulted and they have been clear about what they value and what they want from their nurses according to the Royal College of Nursing (2005) so mental health nurses are now facing the challenge of meeting those expectations. Nursing leadership is significant in shaping the future of healthcare especially in the field of Mental Health Nursing. However, there is a need for efficient action plans to turn this idea into reality—focusing on the development and realisation of essential management and organisation. There is always a leader trait within a person because leadership is for everyone and it does not necessarily just for the one in-charge. Nevertheless, one cannot become a leader until he or she understands what leadership is about and the driving force for others. This essay aims to explore and critically analyse the management skills and leadership qualities a newly qualified nurse will need in leading others to deliver services in a rapidly changing practice environment; and to provide conclusions and recommendations. Mental health nursing is at the core of recent healthcare system. They comprise the largest professional group in mental health services with nearly 47,000 qualified nurses working in the NHS in England, and another 30,000 support staff working with them (NHS 2006). Health Minister Rosie Winterton (NHS 2006) has expressed that mental health nurses have always been a vital part of effective mental health services and in recent years they have played an absolutely key part in the ongoing transformation of mental health services. The NHS is changing—new roles and new skills of mental health nurses have been developed. Never before had the nurse practitioners face so many challenges with the structure of the NHS likely to be different from what is known by previous generations. New ways of organising, planning, commissioning and delivering services are all now the new reality for nurses and other professions working in the UK

Product Designs & Development Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Product Designs & Development - Dissertation Example As the report declares each and every product in business is offered with an intention of making profits as it fulfills the consumer’s need. As such, a well conceived product is bound to sell more, have wider reach, increase market share, improve profit margins and possibly carve out new opportunities for the business. In other words product design is a crucial element in the production or manufacture, and by extension marketing of physical products. A product should be designed to meet specific needs of the society with other factors taken into due consideration. There is therefore a correlation between product development, social culture and business success. According to the essay findings China as a country has for long maintained its culture of Confucianism and Socialism even in the business environment. Confucianism demands submission to authority and near absolute obedience in every situation. This culture of course has its pros and cons when adopted in the business setup. While several independent surveys have been conducted concerning product development and people’s culture, none has been conducted to establish the relationship between the two. This study seeks to bridge this gap with focus on art and craft businesses in China. This study will be limited to art and craft businesses within the borders of China and will hence preclude any businesses engaging in art and craft or DIY products outside the country.

Immersion Education In Korean Elementary Education Education Essay

Immersion Education In Korean Elementary Education Education Essay As the world is globalised and English-speaking countries have dominant roles in politics, economy and culture, English is universally recognised as a global language. With the importance of English as a global lingua franca and the necessity of having a command of English, South Korea (hereafter Korea) has perceived the importance of English language education and tried to improve students English proficiency by suggesting multilateral methods. Many language education specialists, scholars and policy-makers have suggested many methodologies applicable to the Korean public education system. In 2009, the Korea Herald (2009) reported, for example, that Korea ranks 89th out of 120 countries in terms of TOEFL (Test of English as foreign language, led by Educational Testing Service, U.S.A) results, achieving a score below the international average. Korea has still been ranked bottom in the English Proficiency Test, especially in the speaking section (Korea Times, 2011). Demand for a high level of English is increasing because English has become the most important part of Korean peoples lives. English proficiency tests, such as university entrance exams, TOEIC (Test of English for international communication, see reference C) are now essential elements for going to a good university or getting a good job or promotion. Especially, English proficiency is a major component in university admission. A recent survey led by KDI (Korea Development Institute) mentions that academic cliques are voted as the top-ranked factor of individual success. This leads to English education fever in Korea and students parents have spent colossal amounts of time and money on English education for their children. When the current government was launched in 2008, its campaign in terms of English education was Anyone who graduates from high-school can communicate with English without inconvenience, and when President Lee was selected, his transition committee of education brought in the Immersion education concept, known in Korea as Mol-ib. In particular, the committee focused on early English education, and targeted elementary school students for this imme rsion scheme. After severe controversy, the committee had to withdraw the policy, but some offices of education from cities and provinces still encourage their elementary/middle schools to adopt immersion education voluntarily. Especially, the government allowed four international middle schools to adopt English immersion education and accordingly many offices of education in cities and provinces considered establishing a specialised middle school. Accordingly, the new governments cancelled policy resulted in unintended consequences that led to overheated early English education. There was a rush of students who would go to private language institutes to prepare for going to the new schools. Students living in rural areas moved to the cities where four International middle schools are located. Other students and their parents have also recognised that English education in public school is not enough and searched for private institutes which provide the Immersion programme and classe s taught by English native speakers. Contrary to the governments expectations, many middle-class students have to rely on private language institutes and their parents have to spend more money for private English tutoring and sending their children abroad for Summer/Winter language programmes. Especially, as the new presidential election approaches, this policy is mentioned again by new candidates, education policy-makers and educators. Accordingly, the interests of teachers at public schools and private institutes are reaching the climax of new policy. This case study explores the suitability of the English immersion programme in South Korea from two immersion teachers experiences and attempts to answer the following research questions: 1) How do Korean immersion teachers teach in an immersion education environment for elementary students? 2) What difficulties do non-native speakers have when teaching in the target language? 3) Is immersion education suitable for English language e ducation in Korea? The study first observes Korean immersion teachers classes. It then investigates their opinions in terms of immersion education. Finally, it looks into the suitability of immersion education in the Korean education system. Although this case study is small-scale, the findings will show some suggestions to the persons concerned with English education in the next government. 2. Background 2.1 Theories of bilingual education From the twentieth century, the worlds globalisation has greatly influenced language education in every country. According to Baker (1996: 165), one of the illusions about bilingual education is that it is a twentieth century phenomenon. Some countries, such as Hungary, Finland in Europe, Canada, and Hong Kong have applied bilingual education officially or unofficially and optionally or compulsorily. This phenomenon explains why people cannot deny current globalised times and must recognise the importance of communication across the globe. Paulston (1992: 80) argues that unless we try in some way to account for the socio-historical, cultural, and economic-political factors which lead to certain forms of bilingual education, we will never understand the consequences of that education. In this sense, characteristics of bilingual education can be deeply related to ones societys history, culture, economy, and politics and can be changed according to these aspects. Two terms, immersion education and CLIL, are introduced briefly in this chapter, as they require a wide range of theoretic background. One of very well-known bilingual education programmes is immersion education. Baker (1996: 180) introduces the term Immersion bilingual education as an intended outcome, and therefore represents a strong use of the term bilingual education. In this sense, from the view of teaching general subjects in English, English immersion education is a different approach from TEE (Teaching English in English) or teaching other subjects integ rated partially in an English class. Johnson and Swain (1997: 6-8) discuss the core features of a prototypical immersion program. They present that there are eight common features which exist in spite of the variable features in each immersion education programme: 1. The L2 is a medium of instruction. 2. The immersion curriculum parallels the local L1 curriculum. 3. Overt support exists for the L1. 4. The programme aims for additive bilingualism. 5. Exposure to the L2 is largely confined to the classroom. 6. Students enter with similar (and limited) levels of L2 proficiency. 7. The teachers are bilingual. 8. The classroom culture is that of the local L1 community. On the other hand, there is another immersion education programme, which is called CLIL; Content and Language Integrated Learning. According to Dalton-Puffer (2007: 1), CLIL refers to an educational setting where a language other than the students mother tongue is used as a medium of instruction. Garcà ­a (2010: 210) takes the stance that CLIL-type programmes aim at achieving a functional competence in both receptive and productive skills, particularly when the target language takes a low portion of curriculum time, as in vocational or professional training. Garcà ­a refers to Hammerly and Swain in noting the difference between them, as follows: (2009:209-2010) Full immersion offers intensive contact with the target language and aims for native or near-native competence at least in receptive skills of comprehension and reading. However, many early total Canadian immersion pupils, even by the end of the program, continue to reveal striking grammatical inaccuracies in their speaking and writing (Hammerly 1991; Swain, 1985). 2.2 Current theoretic trend of English immersion education in Korea Since the latter part of the 20th century, the introduction of the immersion programme as one of bilingual education and the research of its necessity in the Korean education system has been shown. J. Park (2000) suggests the importance of bilingual education, and especially the application of immersion education to English classes in Korea. His paper provides three key objectives; showing successful cases of other countries in terms of immersion education, exploring the applicability of the immersion scheme in Korean education and arguing that partial subjects need to be taught in the immersion education system. There is updated research based on teachers cognition to apply immersion education in the Korean curriculum. S. Park (2004) broadly surveys the subject of teachers ideas in relation to English immersion education in Korean elementary schools in the Seoul metropolitan area. He suggests several ideas based on his research findings and some representative suggestions from parti cipants are summarised as follows (2004: 277-278): English immersion education should be fundamentally implemented after cultivating professional immersion teachers and should not give pressure on general subjects teachers. Teachers emphasise the need for government policies to give thoughtful consideration to immersion teachers in order to make them into immersion teachers. Additionally, preliminary arrangements in terms of curricula and materials would be needed to minimise the possibility of disorder and inconvenience caused by insufficient preparation. In relation to induction timing, they recommend slow and partial induction of immersion education and the government should suggest this policy to schools in the form of a voluntary, not compulsory, aspect in the beginning stage. The idea of working with English native speakers is recommended and desirable for team-teaching, but Korean teachers should lead the initiative. They recommend that in the later phase, Korean teachers who are fluent in English should lead the class alone. Especially, social equality between the students from diverse family backgrounds is insisted upon and policy-makers are required to suggest proper methods of selecting beneficiaries. Furthermore, teachers argue that the induction of immersion education should not foster the growth of the private education market. Additionally, J. Park and S. Park (2007) suggest a time of induction of English immersion education, appropriate subjects of immersion, its curriculum, a selection scheme for students of this programme, immersion education teachers, types of immersion class, a plan for improving teachers English proficiency, and developing materials in a practical manner. 3. Methodology This chapter describes the methodological framework. It first describes participants and their recruitment. The description is followed by a detailed description of the procedures and techniques of data collection. The chapter ends with an account of data analysis methods as well as ethical issues related to the study. 3.1. Participants Two immersion teachers participated in the survey. I recruited them at a public elementary school and a private educational institute through my personal network. Both are male and their average age was 32. I made this decision in order to listen to different voices from public and private institutes. A public school teacher (hereafter Teacher A) received a BA in Math Education from one local university and gained a teaching license from the Korean education council. He has taught English in elementary school for 7 years, but his immersion teaching experience is only 1 year. Another teacher (hereafter Teacher B) from a private institute gained a BA in science education and spent a total 6 years in U.S.A. His immersion teaching experience is 2 years in Korea. 3.2. Data collection This study tries to employ qualitative data collection and analysis methods. These characteristics of qualitative research match this studys research purposes. The focus of the study is to observe immersion classes in Korea and particularly to get Korean teachers opinions about English immersion education. Therefore, qualitative research methods were prioritised in this study. Among various qualitative data collecting tools, interview was used as a primary data collection tool, and observation served the purpose of getting referencing data. 3.2.1. Observation Due to geographical distance, I had to observe their classes via videos which were uploaded on their institutions websites. Teacher As video was produced and uploaded onto the web because the school was designated as an exemplary immersion school. On the other hand, teacher Bs video was produced for the purpose of marketing for recruiting students. One reason for classroom observation was mainly to build up a background knowledge of immersion education in Korea. The second reason is to develop my questionnaire and see the consistency between what interviewees think about immersion education and what they actually do in their classroom teaching. 3.2.2. Interview The interview was followed by two interviews separately via Skype and was conducted with a pre-provided questionnaire (Appendix A) which was sent to them by E-mail. In order to allow for flexibility, some questionnaires were additionally made to get their opinions. All the interviews were conducted in Korean and audio-recorded with Evaer Skype Recorder. 3.3. Ethical issues When I found the appropriate participants, I contacted them via Facebook and explained the purposes of the case study. They informed me that they would accept my offer under the condition of anonymity. I had to promise to protect the confidentiality of the participants and that I would secure their anonymity by using pseudonyms as well as the institutes names. I assured them that the interview results would not be released to anyone with whom they work, or to any institutes at which they work. 4. Research findings 4.1 Immersion programme in two institutions The below contents are collected from interviews with two participants and information from school/institute homepages and are summed up. The general approach to immersion is similar but they have slight differences of purpose and characteristics. 4.1.1 Programme purpose and characteristics of Teacher As school This programme is sponsored by the Office of education, Busan city. This school is designated as an exemplary school which provides immersion education. Three subjects, which are maths, science, and sociology, are taught in English, not in regular classes but in extracurricular classes for voluntary students. Students English levels are diverse. The mission of the programme is to assist EFL elementary students in developing English language proficiency while fostering an interest in their studies. This programme enables the students to learn English additionally at school and review subjects which were taught in Korean at regular classes. In class, the Korean teacher leads the class and an English native speaker supports the Korean teacher. The textbooks are provided by the government and have similar contents to Korean textbooks. 4.1.2 Programme purpose and characteristics of Teacher Bs institute The programme enables highly intelligent elementary students who have a good command of English to complete a series of elementary-level subjects in immersion education. This programme is designed to meet the interests of elementary students who plan to go to International Middle school (Appendix B) or secondary school in English-speaking countries. In order to be considered for this programme, candidates must possess over 700 points in their TOEIC score and their ranking in their class should be within the top 5% of total subjects. The mission of the programme is to provide the upper level contents to elite students and to enable them to prepare for studying in an English environment. The main subjects, such as maths, science, and sociology, which are core courses required to prepare for junior high school, are taught in English. All teachers are English native speakers or Koreans who speak English fluently and have a relevant degree from English-speaking countries. The materials ar e diverse; from American elementary books to self-translated books into English. 4.2 Classroom observation In order to observe two different classrooms, I borrowed Fortune (2000)s immersion teaching strategies observation checklist (appendix D). I observed how teachers would operate the class and how students responded to find similarities and make comparisons between their two programmes. There are several areas of classroom observation, but I focused on teachers methods of 1) Making input comprehensible, 2) Integrating language with contents, and 3) Interacting with students. 4.2.1 Teacher As class Teacher A teaches maths for the 5th grade (age 11) in English immersion. In his class, there are about 25 students. This class is not in the regular course curriculum but is additionally conducted for the purpose of immersion education. This is an alternative measure to avoid making students parents worried in terms of childrens scholastic attainments. When the class begins, teacher A and a native speaker share greetings in English to catch the students attention and to inform them that only English is to be used in the class. He leads the class with relative ease and simplicity in order not to give pressure or stress to students. His intention seems to focus on the understanding of the English language, especially vocabulary. He tries to provide activities by asking questions. He also asks the native speaker to talk to students individually. The native speaker tries to tailor her English to a level that the students, with their limited English proficiency, can understand. 4.2.2 Teacher Bs class Teacher B teaches science to the 6th grade (age 12) in English immersion. In his class, there are 12 students. He explains some contents and their structures and vocabularies simultaneously. He focuses not only on speaking, but also on reading and writing skills. In order to develop students English skills, he encourages students to write their thinking after the teachers explanation and to have a discussion with a partner. He uses American material from California state for grade 7 (12-13 years of age). He tries to correct the students English and seems more focused on students understanding of content. In order to familiarise them with Western classrooms and culture, he uses an American Home school DVD as a visual aid to supplement information to get positive feedback from his students. 4.2.3 Similarities and differences between them The main intentions of both of the programmes are to promote academic instruction so that all students become proficient in English through the implementation of immersion education. Their classes aim to provide students with a Western-like environment and to provide some opportunities for positive interactions. Both programmes seem to employ a lesson plan that facilitates English language development. Lessons are designed to promote English language skills, rather than to deliver content. As students have a limited understanding of English, teachers try to speak English slowly and explain things simply. They allocate some minutes for providing opportunities for students to produce language on their own to practice English. After their response, teachers provide positive feedback, although the students make some mistakes, so that students get involved and interested in another language and class. Although there was not a significant difference between the two classrooms, one particul ar finding is that Teacher A delivers some content in Korean to help students understand information. His class focuses on helping children become comfortable with the English language. His intention is to make his students become familiarised with the English language and to grow slowly in their English skills. Students feedback is rather limited and this class is generally teacher-centred. This case is not the original class of immersion education because this class is for reviewing what students have already learned. Repeating the lesson in the target language is the main purpose; thus, it does not fit in the basic principle of immersion education. In contrast, teacher Bs class is slightly different. Because of the student body, which is composed of elite students, his class provides an environment that promotes positive attitudes towards the English language. It allows them to simultaneously learn content on a topic as well as acquiring vocabulary and the ability to speak in Eng lish. This programme seems to focus on individual academic strengths. The teachers main interest includes students developing high levels of proficiency in the English language and performing at or above grade level in academic areas in both languages. 4.3. Interview results and discussions This section shows the findings from the interviews based on questionnaires. A copy of the questionnaire can be found in appendix A and copies of the completed questionnaires can be found in appendix B. The public school teacher is referred to as Teacher A and the private institute one is referred to as Teacher B. I summarise the findings with 4 themes, as shown below. 4.3.1 Target language proficiency and self-confidence Teachers are not sure whether immersion education should be introduced in public school. They point out that their English proficiency is the main problem and they lose confidence when teaching. They also worry about the teaching quality due to delivering lessons. When I was selected as an immersion teacher, I was excited, but on the other hand, I was worried about my English proficiency. I had some English communication classes in college, but that was for general English classes. Although I have quite a high score in TOEIC (Test of English for international communication by ETS), I have had no exposure to an English environment. I am planning to go abroad for intensive English. (Teacher A) Although I studied and gained a B.A. degree in U.S, its very challenging to teach in English. Policy-makers need to understand that an American degree cannot make foreign students get the language level of native speakers. There is no option but to improve English proficiency at this moment. (Teacher B) These two participants recognise the teachers English proficiency as a starting point for immersion education. They understand that the language issue is critical for adopting immersion education. However, they appreciate that the future trend of English education in Korea will be similar to the immersion education system. Thus, in order to strengthen their teaching competitiveness, they are going to language schools after work or are planning to go overseas. 4.3.2 Relationship with their parents and the market of private institutes One of the key issues in introducing immersion education is dealing with students and their parents. Especially, they have common ideas that immersion education should require parents permission and agreement. These are quotations in terms of this theme: In the beginning, it was very difficult to persuade parents. Thats why immersion class is executed in extra-curricular class, not regular class. One particular thing is they regard my class as another opportunity to expose themselves to English language. (Teacher A) Parents intentionally send their children to my institute, as it is one of a few institutes which provide immersion education in this town. Most of them expect their children to go to middle school of science; thus, their expectation is very high. They pay a significant amount of money. I think immersion teaching would be limited in public school and the market of private institutes will be bigger. (Teacher B) As shown above, it is found that getting permission from students parents is not easy and general explanation needs to be provided to parents in the beginning stage. One interesting finding is that this immersion programme increases the role of private education, which is contrary to the governments intention. Furthermore, this points to the fact that the immersion programme creates a gulf between the rich and poor. 4.3.3 Interaction with students Interaction between teachers and students is a very important factor in the classroom. As a teacher, he/she needs to monitor whether students understand the content and can follow what he/she teaches and be aware of any difficulties the students have. Especially, this is very important in the immersion classroom because a foreign language is the main delivery method. This is the most important issue that I object to in the adoption of immersion education. Most students start learning English from the age of ten in public school. To be honest, their English proficiency is not enough to understand a class in English. Accordingly, they lose interest in the class. Although the class deals with elementary-level content, students feel difficulty in understanding new English words and contexts. (Teacher A) As a matter of fact, class in a foreign language is difficult not only for teachers but also for students. My students English is definitely better than other students in the same grade. However, understanding, presenting and asking questions is not that easy. Fortunately, they are aiming to go to international middle school and they try their best. In my position, I try to utilise many visual aids to catch their attention. (Teacher B) In terms of this issue, the language issue is mentioned again. One of the key principles of immersion education is linguistic knowledge. In Korea, one of EFL countries, where English is rarely used in real life, it is once again confirmed that by teaching in a foreign language, it is not easy to make academic content comprehensible to learners. 4.3.4 Qualified native speaker and tailored materials The basic requirement for any class is material. The two participants agreed that they were not sure about which materials they should use. They also had some difficulties in finding qualified native-speakers to work with. These remarks are exemplary in relation to this theme: To be honest, selecting materials is beyond my capacity. There is no official textbook for immersion education. I use an American textbook but the curriculum is very different. Thus, I translate Korean textbooks into English before class and hand them out in class. (Teacher B) Working with a native speaker is very beneficial to me and to students. However, I have to spend more time to prepare for class because the native speaker and I have to prepare together in advance. In particular, getting a qualified one is very difficult. Most of them come to Korea to teach English, not maths or science. Even finding a qualified one who meets the school recruitment standard is very rare. (Teacher A) As shown above, producing material tailored to the Korean education curriculum is recognised as one of the most challenging aspects. Currently, the average monthly wage for a native-speaker is about 1300-1500 pounds, which is quite a lot lower than other East Asian countries. The Korean government needs to organise a task-force for implementing the necessary conditions. 4.3.5 Testing and assessment Language assessment is a very important factor in helping to understand students academic outcomes or proper development and even help them to learn the target language effectively. Unfortunately, at this moment, it is difficult to assess students learning process. City office education has not mentioned about testing. Fundamentally, my class is not on regular curriculum and I feel little necessity of testing. If I have to, then I need some support from school or city office of education. (Teacher A) As the interview result shows, Bax (2010: 52) also describes in terms of immersion education in Korea that there is an absence of firm test data by which to evaluate the academic success of English language learning in Korea in comparison with other countries. Assessment should have been considered when the immersion scheme was introduced in Korea. 5. Conclusion 5.1. The findings and implications This case study shows some limitations of employing the immersion programme. In order to gain a successful immersion programme, sustainable support and interest is needed from educational policy-makers, administrators, teachers and students. In this sense, the results of this case study have some implications for other schools and private educational institutes, and particularly for policy makers of English language education. As discussed in the interview chapter, the teachers have difficulty in teaching their subjects in an immersion education environment in several respects. First of all, English language proficiency is considered to be a very important tool in educational contexts. Secondly, although the immersion educational policy has attempted to strengthen English language proficiency for students, the current educational system cannot cover their willingness. Thirdly, the sudden change in language education policy has been generating many constraints, such as teachers low En glish proficiency, the lack of materials and English native speakers. In this sense, all of the relevant people share many weaknesses and shortfalls of immersion education in Korea and thus may benefit from the results and findings of this study. The results of the study may also have implications for people who plan to teach their subjects within immersion programmes. They need to study how they can deliver their education to students within immersion environments effectively. Native English speakers who plan to teach English in South Korea or EFL settings may also benefit from this study about English language teaching, as they are informed of the realities of teaching EFL in the current trend of South Korean situations. For these reasons, this case study can be a useful source of information. Korea has a tendency to quickly benchmark things which are deemed good policies, or systems from developed countries, without thorough preparation. This also seems to apply in this case. Stu dents and teachers recognise this scheme is clumsily prepared without all circumstances being set up. 5.2. Limitations and suggestions for future research directions This study employs two means of data collection; interview and observation. However, in terms of combining quantitative and qualitative research instruments, the study has not fully provided a better understanding of the suitability of English immersion education in South Korean education. Instead, this study rather focuses on teachers beliefs about the English immersion education, their perceptions of it, and their attempts to implement newly suggested immersion education into their classroom teaching. In this sense, the study is rather small-scale. There are three big limitations of this study. One is the difficulty of persuading participants to have interviews. For finding interviewees, I managed to recruit some of the candidates through my personal network. However, it was very difficult to get their permission for interviews. As I described in the interview results section, they hesitated to accept my interview proposal, because they also understood that most of their ideas would possess negative views of immersion education. Therefore, at their request, we agreed to have interviews on condition of the anonymity of all of their names, schools and mentioned people. The second limitation concerns a lack of real class observation. Due to the long distance between us, although they provided me with video cl

Technology: Friend or Foe? :: essays research papers

Technology is defined by dictionary.com as â€Å"The application of science, especially to industrial or commercial objectives† Determining whether this technology has helped or hindered our society, we must remember that it is not limited to computers and the internet. Technology has had a variety of faces over the last several thousand years of human existence. As man began to understand more and more about his environment, he began to use that knowledge to accomplish a practical purpose.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We know from history books and stories passed from generation to generation that man gradually improved things as he discovered them. This is true from the invention of the wheel to the ancient Egyptians great pyramids. Had they not discovered the technology to accomplish these things, our American way of life would be vastly different today. The wheel led to the horse drawn carriage, which led Henry Ford to invent the automobile and the assembly line. Ford's Model T, the only auto Ford produced from 1910 to 1927, not only outsold every other car made for much of its product life, it outsold all the myriad other cars sold in the U.S. combined*. From those two inventions alone, a great improvement in travel and productivity was accomplished, not to mention the money. Today, we still manufacture automobiles and many other things in an assembly line due to its efficiency and effectiveness. Modern technology has robots to reduce the number of human operators required. Computer controls enhance the precision of the machinery used in these assembly lines to reduce flaws. This process continues to improve, but there are side effects.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Will Smith, a corporate trainer in the IT industry with 15 years experience said that â€Å"Without technology, many Americans would be without work today. The advancement of computers and the internet has created far more opportunities for new kinds of jobs. My company would not exist without it. Computers do fail, creating the job of pc repair for thousands, if not millions of people. Anytime you use equipment to improve things you need someone to maintain it, and therefore jobs are created.† The question was then posed, â€Å"What negative effects, if any, do you see resulting from the widespread use of technology?†. Mr Smith replied, â€Å"The internet in particular has encouraged laziness among many people. It also causes people to withdraw from social interaction because they can do everything they need from their home.

Morality & Social Justice-Rubric for Essay Essay

Seven influential moral thinkers hammered just war tradition which has been distilled into seven principles where five of the principles judge whether a decision to go to war is actually justifiable while the other two are a guide to just conduct in waging a war. The principles of a just war include: legitimate authority, just cause, just intent, last resort, reasonable chance of success, principle of discrimination and the principle of proportionality. The Spanish and Portuguese were not justified to go to war with the Guarani but the Guarani were justified to war with the Portuguese and the Spanish. Subjecting the Portuguese and the Spanish to the seven principles of a just war they were not justified to go to war. The first principle which requires that before a war is started, it must be declared by a legally recognized authority which in most cases is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces while in United states it the Congress was not met by the Spanish and Portuguese soldiers. The soldier according to Alves were sent to relocate the Guarani but when they resisted they resorted to military action where many natives were killed and other were taken as slaves without the order of the legal authorities of the two nations (4). Before going to war with the Guarani the just war principles demand that Spanish and Portuguese leaders and soldiers were to seek an order from the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of their respective countries before waging a war with the natives which they did not do. The second principle of a just war that requires that a war should not be started on the basis of expanding a territory or national pride but only for a just cause like resistance to aggression by means of threat of attack or attack was not met either by the Portuguese and the Spanish in fighting the Guarani people. They instead invaded the people with an aim to relocate them to take them as slaves but when the Guarani resisted they started war with them thereby breaching the just cause (Alves 4). Another principle require that before starting a war the aims of the war should be just and limited which should be restoring justice and peace and not vengeance. The Spanish and the Portuguese breached this principle as well since their intention was not to restore peace or justice among the Guarani people. They waged the war out of their own selfish gain because the natives were living peacefully before. Their interest was the land of the Guarani and to enslave them as well. It was not the last resort for the Portuguese and the Spanish to start war with the Guarani people. The principles requires that all other means should be used to resolve dispute between contending parties and that the means must have been tried and found to fail before going to war. In the situation of the Portuguese, Spanish and the Guarani people there was no dispute in the first place. It is the Spanish and Portuguese that were determined to take the land that belonged to the natives and to take them as slaves and even after the natives resisted their effort they never used any other means to resolve the dispute but war. There should be reasonable chance of success before starting a war which the Portuguese and the Spanish did not take to consideration. The principle requires that the situation should be accessed to ascertain if there is a possibility of success before initiating or continuing a war. They never considered this fact and that is the reason why the war continued for several decades and they were eventually defeated (Elves 6). Another principle of a just war tradition that the Portuguese and Spanish violated is the principle of civilian immunity or honor of noncombatant where the noncombatants are not targeted to avoid civilian deaths. It also requires that prisoners captured should be treated humanely and that military forces desist from rapes, massacres, looting and other atrocities. This was not the case in the wars of the Guarani where all sorts of atrocities were committed against the people since children, women and men alike were taken captives and were not treated humanely. The principle of proportionality which requires that the harm to be caused by a war must not exceed the good the war can accomplish. Before the Europeans invaded the natives they were living peacefully in their land but after they attacked them they were left with sorrows since some died, others were enslaved, property destroyed and families disunited forever. It therefore goes without saying that the Spanish and the Portuguese caused several harm and zero good to the Guarani which is against this principle of just war. The Portuguese and the Spanish were not justified to initiate and continue the war with the Guarani after being subjected to the seven principles of a just war tradition. In all the instances they went contrary to the principles. They were not interested in the plight of the people or the outcome of the war but their own selfish gains. Works Cited Alves, Wesley. The Mission. 2007. 3 May 2010 http://people. bu. edu/wwildman/WeirdWildWeb/courses/thth/projects/thth_projects_2007wesley_alves. pdf

Impact of Gold on GDP Essay

Impact of Gold on GDP In ancient times, India was referred as Golden Bird and In the modern times, She has emerged as the largest consumer ot gold in the world. The importance ot gold can be understood in the saying all glitters are not gold. Gold is an important participant in Indian culture, traditions and economic policy. Gold has several applications or uses and the main reasons why Indians take to gold are: Gold is considered an equivalent for liquid cash: Gold is highly liquid and portable as a Security or Asset. It can be converted to cash anytime when an emergency arises and Is considered a friend In eed. Gold is considered as Status Symbol: Especially in India gold symbolizes wealth. often, gold Is Important consutuent of the bridal wealth In the wedding. Indian weddings without gold are unimaginable. Gold is a very good investment: Gold is an asset which has consistently increased in value and thereby considered as a safe and secure Investment. Gold Is considered an effective diversifier which helps to reduce portfolio risk. Gold Is considered as a good gift item: Gold is precious and worthy across all cultures and times. The gold Jewelry Is given as gifts during weddings, festivals and other pecial occasions. Gold has great religious significance: Gold is the symbol of the Hindu Goddess Laxmi and considered highly auspicious. Gold is brought or presented on testivals like Dhanteras and Akshaya Tritiya. Toe rings are never made of gold as it represents the goddess of wealth and should not be soiled by touching a human’s feet. Great Ornamental Value: Women of every age and time have always loved wearing gold ornaments. Moreover. Gold Ornaments are never out of fashiorn It also may be remembered that Wedding rings are also traditionally made of gold to mark a long asting relationship. Great value as Heirloom: Gold jewelry is something which can be passed down from one generation to the other as ancestral property Not only In India, but In rest of the world also, gold Is also one of the most valuable assets. Like most of the commodities, gold prices are also determined by demand and supply. The global demand for gold has many layers. For the last 5 years, Jewelry has consisted of of the overall demand for gold. The major players for gold jewelry with over of the demand are China, Turkey, and the Middle East. Gold, as gold coins or bars, adds another 20% of the demand where the united states, India, and Europe play a vital role. Industrial demand lead by Japan makes up the last 12%. Mining constitute 59 percent of the global gold supply, net official sales constitute 6 percent and recycled gold provides 35 percent ot the global gold supply. But many other factors also play their role In determlnlng the gold prices like dollar prices, crude oil prices, inflation etc. Even today, despite of US Dollar being acceptable in International trade, gold is still considered the safest option. It is because ot this reason gold prices are otten attected by the change in Dollar prices. Anyone who follows the gold and currency markets closely will realize that the IJS$ gold price and the Dollar Index generally trend In opposite directions. I ne reason tnat gold ana tne collar generally trend In opposite alrectlons Is tnat In one respect gold is Just another currency. As a result, when the dollar weakens on the foreign exchange market over an extended period then the IJS$ gold price will generally rise during the same period; and when the dollar strengthens over many onths the IJS$ gold price will usually fall. There are, of course, leads and lags and there’s no reason to expect that percentage changes in one will be accompanied by equal-and-opposite percentage changes in the other, but when charts of the dollar and gold are compared it quickly becomes apparent that the two have been inversely correlated. On the contrary, gold prices and crude oil prices tend to rise and fall positively with one another. There are two reasons for this- historically, oil purchases were paid for in gold. Even today, a sizable percentage of oil revenue ends up invested in gold. As oil prices rise, much of the increased revenue is invested as it is surplus to current needs and much of this surplus is invested in gold or other hard assets. The second reason is that rising oil prices place upward pressure on inflation. This enhances the appeal of gold because it acts as an inflation hedge. Over the last 50 years or so, gold and oil have generally moved together in terms of price, with a positive price correlation of over 80 percent. Apart from above factors, gold also provides hedge against inflation and therefore there is a positive relationship between gold price and inflation. During times of economic growth there is an increase in wealth which leads to higher demand for luxury goods like gold. During times of economic recession, gold can be used as an asset that protects against inflation and devaluing paper currencies. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has concluded the purchase of 200 metric tonnes of gold from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), under the IMF’s limited gold sales programme. This was done as part of the Reserve Banks foreign exchange reserves management operations. RBI’s decision to shore up its gold reserves needs to be seen in the ontext of other central banks across the globe increasing their gold reserves. In fact, the share of gold in India’s total reserves has dwindled over the decade. In March 1994, the share of gold in the total reserves of the country was 20. 6%; by the end of June 2009, gold constituted only 3. 7% of the total reserves. The purchase resulted in increasing the share of gold in total assets of RBI to 6percent. RBI’s foreign currency assets consist mainly of sovereign bonds, mainly US treasuries. So, buying more gold had helped the Indian central bank to diversify its assets. RBI’s foreign exchange reserves consist of for eign currency assets, gold, special drawing rights (SDR) which is an international reserve currency floated by International Monetary Fund (IMF) and RBI funds kept with IMF. India is the largest consumer of gold in the world, consuming around 18 per cent of the total world’s production. India has to import around 70 per cent of its total gold consumption, thus imparting a lot of foreign exchange to major gold producing countries. With the development of the stock markets, especially on-line trading systems, urban India is lowly shifting its investment focus from gold to the other avenues of investment such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds etc, but, rural India still has its major investments in the form of gold. Around 65 per cent of the total demand for gold in Inala Is Trom people Involved In agrlculture ana alll around 30 per cent of the GDP of the nation. ea Inaustrles wnlcn contrlDutes to Thus gold is still as important for Indian economy as it was ever. Gold is also the important source of income for many least developed countries of Africa where countries like Mali, Ghana get majority of foreign exchange from the export of Gold.