Cyber Policy Essay - 765 Words

Russian Cyber Policy Efficiency In 2007, the government of Estonia decided to move a landmark, the Bronze Soldier, from the center of the city of Tallinn to a military cemetery. This caused outrage in the ethnic Russian community living in Estonia. It is believed that Russia distributed false news reports about the desecration of Soviet war graves and the Bronze Soldier. These false reports more than likely assisted with inciting the riot that occurred on April 26, 2007 and lasted approximately two nights. McGuinness (2017) of BBC News reports: From 27 April, Estonia was also hit by major cyber-attacks which in some cases lasted weeks. Online services of Estonian banks, media outlets and government bodies were taken down by unprecedented†¦show more content†¦This means that the cyber-attacks and the military operations that occur before, after, or during the cyber-attack must have been authorized and coordinated together by the same entity that sanctioned the military action. In order for the Russian government to benefit from the effects of the cyber operations without incurring repercussions, they must be able to maintain plausible deniability. If a party wants specific actions performed at specific times it may have to provide instructions and potentially the tools to perform those actions. Just as a computer may use a proxy to access a website so that the website will not know the identifying information of the computer requesting the information, the Russians may have used a proxy, a group of non-state cyber actors, to perform the cyber-attacks. While the group of non-state cyber actors may not agree with the government’s national objectives, they may have been incentivized with funds and/or favors. In any event, the cyber actors directly and indirectly assist the Russian government with realizing the national objectives, depending on if the government informed them of the true objectives. It is safe to assume that the relationship between the government and non-state cyber-actors is potentially mutually beneficial or that the government threatens the non-state cyber-actor in order to make them perform some cyber action. For state cyber-actors, the relationship is mutually beneficial because the RussianShow MoreRelated Cyber Security Policies and Defense Contractors Essay1087 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Cyber security policies in the private sector have been a challenging issue for major defense contractors, especially after recent attacks. As a result, the U.S. increased its strict enforcement against these companies by justifying its intervention to improve cyber security. The government would like to impose standards for companies who lack the proper protocol. Due to the revised and new procedures, corporations are responding by rejecting any congressional intervention. 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`` Fahrenheit 451 And The Sniper `` - 1643 Words

The news often circulates with stories of brilliant firefighters and outstanding soldiers. The media label these people as ‘heroes’. However, the definition of a hero can be very elusive. Many kids believe that heroes have to be athletic and robust, but as they grow up, they realize a hero s actions and thoughts can be more influential than their physical abilities. It can be difficult to determine what elements make up a hero. However, by examining heroes in different stories, the elements of what makes a hero can become clearer. Classic heroes in The Odyssey can be examined, along with the heroes in Fahrenheit 451 and The Sniper. By taking apart the characteristics and traits of these heroes, a deeper understanding of a hero can be found. Rather than by a character s physical abilities, a hero can be defined by their displays of courage, determination, humanity, profound changes in personality and behaviour, and a fatal flaw. Courage is a deciding factor for what defin es a hero. The protagonist in The Sniper displays courage in many ways. When engaged in a firefight against the opposing enemy, the hero continues to flaunt his fighting spirit and never backs down. Furthermore, after he is greatly wounded, he comes up with an ingenious plan in the face of imminent danger to defeat the enemy. This presentation of courage can also be seen in many other heroes, such as Odysseus in The Odyssey. The simple fact that he fought in the war illustrates great courage as he isShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511241 Words   |  5 PagesListen You Moron â€Å"The world is a dangerous place to live; not because of the people who are evil, but because of the people who do not do anything about it† (Albert Einstein). In Ray Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451, the novel explores censorships role as a hindrance on individuality, and the severe toll it takes on society’s self-awareness. Academia has widely argued the reason behind Bradbury’s dystopian themed work of art. Most interpretations of the novel suggest the work resembles anti-censorship

Writer in history Essay Example For Students

Writer in history Essay John Steinbeck is perhaps referred to the worlds most thought provoking writer in history. This infamous book Of mice and men took Steinbeck three years to finally complete, and within good reason although the book is an easy read reading what is in black and white isn’t going to tell you the full story. Reading this book will take imagination and an open mind because every word of it has one meaning or another, every word, every character, every name and even every place has an in depth meaning. Aside from that this Essay will focus on the main relationship between George Milton and lennie (the main characters) small and what kind of bond they have therefore what makes them special. Lennie Small is first introduced on page four as well as George Milton this is Lennie’s opening description. † Behind him walked his opposite, a huge man, shapeless of face, with large pale eyes, with wide, sloping shoulders; and he walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws† now this may not seem much to you but if we look between the lines we can see there is a very detailed description. First of all his name â€Å" Lennie Small is very ironic because his names lennie Small Which he isn’t at all because he is describes as a giant. Secondly he has a shapeless face (this is a baby reference because when babies are born they are shapeless of face) Thirdly it explains three things pale eyes, wide sloping shoulders and dragging his feet. (These all are baby/child references again. Lastly the last comparison Steinbeck makes is about a bear’s paw and his hand. Taking all this things into consideration we can start to picture what Lennie looks and acts like a grown man with perhaps a specific disability or even very child like. George Milton is also introduced on the fourth page this his opening description, (The first man was small and quick, dark of face, with restless eyes and sharp, strong features. Every part of him was defined: small, strong hands, slender arms, and a thin and bony nose every part of him was defined. ) This was also a detailed explanation, firstly starting with his name George Meaning (everyman) as well as getting into his details what really struck me was his restless eyes, this usually happens when a mother is looking after a child so maybe there is some relation between them. It also seems like George is the leader of the two. Continuing on in the story we finally realise that they are both workers looking for a new job since they were fired fro there previous one. We also learn that Lennie has some sort of disability throughout the whole story it is not mentioned what disability he has it is quiet obvious. The relationship between them is very strong in which words cannot describe. It is like a brother sister relationship you have fights you shout at each other but in the end you always make up and love each other, I believe this is exactly what George and Lennie’s bond is like. In conclusion I think that this is one of the best novels to read out there. Remember that you will need to read between the lines and even if you read it go back over it and I can guarantee you will find something new. I also believe that George and Lennie’s has a very strong relationship in which the reader needs to felt it which is probably why Steinbeck himself didn’t mention a word about it.

The Vietnam War Causes

The Vietnam War occurred in 1955 in the regions of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. The war brought around rival countries that supported different ideologies. This is to mean that there was involvement of Soviet Union and the United States with all propagating the spread of their ideologies. This paper hence tries to illuminate the issues surrounding the war with the cause being its agenda.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Vietnam War Causes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The aftermath of the Second World War had the South Vietnam controlled by the French and the North Vietnam controlled by Viet Minh. Viet Minh was considered an ally of the communist and received backing from communist China, Russia, and Eastern Europe. The French intending to reclaim the North in 1946 endorsed Bao Dai as ruler to the dislike of Russia and China who recognized Viet Minh. This led to the bombardment of Haiphong in 1946 that killed 6,000 people. They however did not win their endeavour. In 1953 the French still tried to overturn Viet Minh to no success leading to their withdrawal from Vietnam. This background plays a critical role in the understanding of the involvement of various countries. The Geneva accord stands out as one that epitomized the interest played by various countries. According to Brigham (1), it divided Vietnam into half and the participants of the conference were the United States, France, and people republic of China. The Non-communist according to (Simon 1) in the likes of the United States and its allies such as France were against division of Vietnam into half as this would make it fall into the hands of the communist. The alliance that was formed by the U.S and its allies was then meant to resist the spread of communism. The U.S on this front was adopting the policy of containment which meant to contain the communist in their existing boundaries; this marking the U.S involvem ent in the Vietnam War (Simon 1). The elections of 1956 were not to take place leading to division between the south and the North. The North led by Viet Minh intended to spread its communist ideology to the south that was led by Ngo Dinh Drem. The U.S felt the need to intervene and as early as 1950 had military advisors sent to the then French Indochina. The North who viewed the war as against the colonial masters and later a U.S puppet state used guerrilla tactics that was to be referred as the Viet Cong. The involvement of the United States was even intensified by arrival of more troops in the 1960 to 1962. This was to escalate to even international borders and led to bombing of Cambodia and Laos. The United States hence used its resources in trying to stop the spread of the communism to the South leading to the death of thousands of people. The fall of Saigon in 1973 saw the end of Vietnam War and the defeat of the United States to its endeavour and the victory of the communist in the region.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is outright that the U.S and the Soviet Union were using smaller countries to propagate their ideologies with the escalation of a war in the Vietnam being an example. To this end, Vietnam was a victim of the cold war as the immense support received from both the United States and the soviets were all mitigated to spread their ideologies. This then lays blame of the Vietnam War entirely to the cold war. Brigham, Robert. â€Å"The Vietnam War: An Overview.† Overview – Vassar College. 2011. Web. https://vietnam.vassar.edu/overview/. Simon, Dennis. â€Å"The War in Vietnam, 1954-1964.† Dsimon, Aug 2008. Web. This research paper on The Vietnam War Causes was written and submitted by user Rafael Vega to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.